In this Code, unless the context otherwise requires,—

means a person who has completed his eighteenth years of age;

when used in relation to a mine, means every person, whether appointed as such or not, who, acting or purporting to act on behalf of the owner, takes part in the management, control, supervision or direction of such mine or of any part thereof;

means—

• (i) in relation to an establishment carried on by or under the authority of the Central Government or the establishment of railways, mines, oil field, major ports, air transport service, telecommunication, banking and insurance company or a corporation or other authority established by a Central Act or a central public sector undertaking or subsidiary companies set up by the central public sector undertakings or autonomous bodies owned or controlled by the Central Government, including establishment of contractors for the purposes of such establishment, corporation or other authority, central public sector undertakings, subsidiary companies or autonomous bodies, as the case may be, the Central Government; and
• (ii) in relation to any factory, motor transport undertaking, plantation, newspaper establishment and establishment relating to beedi and cigar including the establishments not specified in clause (i), the State Government of a State in which it or, as the case may be, they are situated;

means audio-visual produced wholly or partly in India including animation, cartoon depiction and audio-visual advertisement including digital production or any of the activities in respect of making thereof;

means a person, who is employed, directly or through any contractor, in or in connection with the audio-visual production to work as an artiste including actor, musician, singer, anchor, news reader or dancer or to do any work, skilled, unskilled, manual, supervisory, technical, artistic or otherwise, and his remuneration with respect to such employment in or in connection with the production of audio-visual does not exceed, where remuneration is by way of monthly wages or where such remuneration is by way of lump sum, in each case, the amount notified in this regard by the Central Government;

means the construction, alteration, repair, maintenance or demolition in relation to buildings, streets, roads, railways, tramways, airfields, irrigation, drainage, embankment and navigation works, flood control works (including storm water drainage works), generation, transmission and distribution of power, water works (including channels for distribution of water), oil and gas installations, electric lines, internet towers, wireless, radio, television, telephone, telegraph and overseas communications, dams, canals, reservoirs, watercourses, tunnels, bridges, viaducts, aqua-ducts, pipelines, towers, cooling towers, transmission towers and such other work as may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government, by notification, but does not include any building or other construction work of any factory or mine or any building or other construction work employing less than ten workers or any building or other construction work related to residential property not employing the workers more than such number as may be notified by the Central Government from time to time;

means a person who is employed to do any skilled, semi-skilled or unskilled, manual, technical or clerical work for hire or reward, whether the terms of such employment are express or implied, in connection with any building or other construction work, but does not include any such person who is employed mainly in a managerial or supervisory or administrative capacity;

includes anything carried or to be carried in a ship or other vessel, or vehicle;

means a Chief Inspector-cum-Facilitator appointed under sub-section (3) of section 34;

means any authority notified by the appropriate Government to perform all or any of the functions of the competent authority under this Code and for such areas as may be specified in the notification;

means a person or an institution recognised as such by the Chief Inspector-cum-Facilitator for the purposes of carrying out tests, examinations and inspections required to be done in an establishment having regard to—

• (i) the qualifications and experience of the person and facilities available at his disposal; or
• (ii) the qualifications and experience of the persons employed in such institution and facilities available therein:

Provided that in case of mines the competent person includes such other person who is authorised by the manager referred to in section 64 to supervise or perform any work, or to supervise the operation of machinery, plant or equipment and is responsible for such duties assigned to him and also includes a shot firer or blaster;

means a worker who shall be deemed to be employed in or in connection with the work of an establishment when he is hired in or in connection with such work by or through a contractor, with or without the knowledge of the principal employer and includes inter-State migrant worker but does not include a worker (other than part time employee) who is regularly employed by the contractor for any activity of his establishment and his employment is governed by mutually accepted standards of the conditions of employment (including engagement on permanent basis), and gets periodical increment in the pay, social security coverage and other welfare benefits in accordance with the law for the time being in force in such employment;

in relation to an establishment, means a person, who—

• (i) undertakes to produce a given result for the establishment, other than a mere supply of goods or articles of manufacture to such establishment, through contract labour;
• (ii) supplies contract labour for any work of the establishment as mere human resource and includes a sub-contractor;

means any industry the control of which has been transferred to the Union by any Central Act in the public interest;

means a period of twenty-four hours beginning at mid-night;

in relation to any mine, means the District Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner, as the case may be, who is vested with the executive powers of maintaining law and order in the revenue district in which the mine is situated:

Provided that in case of a mine, which is situated partly in one district and partly in another, the District Magistrate for the purpose shall be the District Magistrate authorised in this behalf by the Central Government;

means any work in or within the vicinity of any port in connection with, or required, for, or incidental to, the loading, unloading, movement or storage of cargoes into or from ship or other vessel, port, dock, storage place or landing place, and includes—

• (i) work in connection with the preparation of ships or other vessels for receipt or discharge of cargoes or leaving port; and
• (ii) all repairing and maintenance processes connected with any hold, tank structure or lifting machinery or any other storage area on board the ship or in the docks;
• (iii) chipping, painting or cleaning of any hold, tank, structure or lifting machinery or any other storage area in board the ship or in the docks;

means,—

• (i) in respect of an establishment, a person (other than an apprentice engaged under the Apprentices Act, 1961) employed on wages by an establishment to do any skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled, manual, operational, supervisory, managerial, administrative, technical or clerical work for hire or reward, whether the terms of employment be express or implied; and
• (ii) a person declared to be an employee by the appropriate Government,

but does not include any member of the Armed Forces of the Union:

Provided that notwithstanding anything contained in this clause, in case of a mine a person is said to be "employed" in a mine who works as the manager or who works under appointment by the owner, agent or manager of the mine or with the knowledge of the manager, whether for wages or not—

• (a) in any mining operation (including the concomitant operations of handling and transport of minerals up to the point of dispatch and of gathering sand and transport thereof to the mine);
• (b) in operations or services relating to the development of the mine including construction of plant therein but excluding construction of buildings, roads, wells and any building work not directly connected with any existing or future mining operations;
• (c) in operating, servicing, maintaining or repairing any part of any machinery used in or about the mine;
• (d) in operations, within the premises of the mine, of loading for dispatch of minerals;
• (e) in any office of mine;
• (f) in any welfare, health, sanitary or conservancy services required to be provided under this Code relating to mine, or watch and ward, within the premises of the mine excluding residential area; or
• (g) in any kind of work whatsoever which is preparatory or incidental to, or connected with, mining operations;

means a person who employs, whether directly or through any person, or on his behalf, or on behalf of any person, one or more employees in his establishment and where the establishment is carried on by any department of the Central Government or State Government, the authority specified, by the head of such department, in this behalf or where no authority, is so specified, the head of the department and in relation to an establishment carried on by a local authority, the Chief Executive of that authority, and includes,—

• (i) in relation to an establishment which is a factory, the occupier of the factory;
• (ii) in relation to mine, the owner of the mine or agent or manager referred to in section 64;
• (iii) in relation to any other establishment, the person who, or the authority which has ultimate control over the affairs of the establishment and where said affairs are entrusted to a manager or managing director, such manager or managing director; and
• (iv) contractor; and
• (v) legal representative of a deceased employer;

means—

• (i) a place where any industry, trade, business, manufacture or occupation is carried on in which ten or more workers are employed; or
• (ii) a factory, motor transport undertaking, newspaper establishment, audio-video production, building and other construction work or plantation, in which ten or more workers are employed; or
• (iii) a mine or dock work;

means any premises including the precincts thereof—

• (i) whereon ten or more workers are working, or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on; or
• (ii) whereon twenty or more workers are working, or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on without the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on,

but does not include a mine, or a mobile unit belonging to the armed forces of the Union, railways running shed or a hotel, restaurant or eating place.

Explanation I.—For computing the number of workers for the purposes of this clause all the workers in (different groups and relays) a day shall be taken into account;

Explanation II.—For the purposes of this clause, the mere fact that an Electronic Data Processing Unit or a Computer Unit is installed in any premises or part thereof, shall not be construed as factory if no manufacturing process is being carried on in such premises or part thereof;

when used in relation to a worker, means—

• (i) spouse,
• (ii) children including adopted children of the worker who are dependent upon him and have not completed the age of eighteen years, and
• (iii) parents, grand-parents and widow sister, dependent upon such worker.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, such dependents shall not be included who are, for the time being, getting such income from such sources, as may be prescribed by appropriate Government;

means any warehouse or other place, by whatever name called, used for the storage of any article or substance required for any manufacturing process which means any process for, or incidental to, making, finishing or packing or otherwise treating any article or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport, delivery or disposal as finished products;

means any process or activity in relation to an industry specified in the First Schedule where, unless special care is taken, raw materials used therein or the intermediate or finished products, bye-products, hazardous substances, wastes or effluents thereof would—

• (i) cause material impairment to the health of the persons engaged in or connected therewith, or
• (ii) result in the pollution of the general environment;

means any substance or such quantity of the substance as may be prescribed by appropriate Government or preparation of which by reason of its chemical or physio-chemical properties or handling is liable to cause physical or health hazards to human being or may cause harm to other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, property or the environment;

means any place or premises (not being a private dwelling house), including the precincts thereof, in which or in any part of which any industry, trade, business, occupation or manufacturing is being ordinarily carried on with or without the aid of power and includes a godown attached thereto;

means any systematic activity carried on by co-operation between an employer and worker (whether such worker is employed by such employer directly or by or through any agency, including a contractor) for the production, supply or distribution of goods or services with a view to satisfy human wants or wishes (not being wants or wishes which are merely spiritual or religious in nature), whether or not,—

• (i) any capital has been invested for the purpose of carrying on such activity; or
• (ii) such activity is carried on with a motive to make any gain or profit;

but does not include—

• (a) any activity of the Government relatable to the sovereign functions of the Government including all the activities carried on by the departments of the Central Government dealing with defence research, atomic energy and space; and
• (b) any domestic service;

means an Inspector-cum-facilitator appointed under sub-section (1) of section 34;

means any person who is recruited by—

• (i) an employer in one State for employment in his establishment situated in another State; or
• (ii) through a contractor in one State for employment in an establishment in another State,

under an agreement or other arrangement for such employment and draws wages not exceeding the amount notified by the Central Government from time to time;

means any article or combination of articles assembled, arranged or connected and which is used or intended to be used for converting any form of energy to performing work, or which is used or intended to be used, whether incidental thereto or not, for developing, receiving, storing, containing, confining, transforming, transmitting, transferring or controlling any form of energy;

means any process for—

• (i) making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing, oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing, or otherwise treating or adapting any article or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport, delivery or disposal; or
• (ii) pumping oil, water, sewage or any other substance; or
• (iii) generating, transforming or transmitting power; or
• (iv) composing, printing, printing by letter press, lithography, offset, photogravure screen printing, 3 or 4 Dimensional printing, prototyping, flexography or other types of printing process or book binding; or
• (v) constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing, or breaking up ships or vessels; or
• (vi) preserving or storing any article in cold storage; or
• (vii) such other processes as the Central Government may notify;

means the medical officer appointed under sub-section (1) of section 42;

means any excavation where any operation for the purpose of searching for or obtaining minerals has been or is being carried on and includes—

• (i) all borings, bore holes, oil wells and accessory crude conditioning plants, including the pipe conveying mineral oil within the oilfields;
• (ii) all shafts, in or adjacent to and belonging to a mine, whether in the course of being sunk or not;
• (iii) all levels and inclined planes in the course of being driven;
• (iv) all open cast workings;
• (v) all conveyors or aerial ropeways provided for the bringing into or removal from a mine of minerals or other articles or for the removal of refuse therefrom;
• (vi) all adits, levels, planes, machinery, works, railways, tramways and sidings in or adjacent to and belonging to a mine;
• (vii) all protective works being carried out in or adjacent to a mine;
• (viii) all workshops and stores situated within the precincts of a mine and under the same management and used primarily for the purposes connected with that mine or a number of mines under the same management;
• (ix) all power stations, transformer sub-stations, converter stations, rectifier stations and accumulator storage stations for supplying electricity solely or mainly for the purpose of working the mine or a number of mines under the same management;
• (x) any premises for the time being used for depositing sand or other material for use in a mine or for depositing refuse from a mine or in which any operations in connection with such sand refuse or other material is being carried on, being premises exclusively occupied by the owner of the mine;
• (xi) any premises in or adjacent to and belonging to a mine or which any process ancillary to the getting, dressing or preparation for sale of minerals or coke is being carried on;
• (xii) a mine owned by the Government;

means all substances which can be obtained from the earth by mining, digging, drilling, dredging, hydraulicing, quarrying, or by any other operation and includes mineral oils (such as natural gas and petroleum);

means a motor transport undertaking employing motor transport worker and engaged in carrying passengers or goods or both by road for hire or reward, and includes a private carrier;

means a person who is employed in a motor transport undertaking directly or through an agency, whether for wages or not, to work in a professional capacity on a transport vehicle or to attend the duties in connection with the arrival, departure, loading or unloading of such transport vehicle and includes a driver, conductor, cleaner, station staff, line checking staff, booking clerk, cash clerk, depot clerk, time-keeper, watchman or attendant, but does not include any such person—

• (i) who is employed in a factory;
• (ii) to whom the provisions of any law for the time being in force regulating the conditions of service of persons employed in shops or commercial establishments apply;

means any printed periodical work containing public news or comments on public news and includes such other class of printed periodical work as may, from time to time, be notified in this behalf by the Central Government;

means an establishment under the control of any person or body of persons, whether incorporated or not, for the production or publication of one or more newspapers or for conducting any news agency or syndicate and includes the following newspaper establishments which shall be deemed to be one establishment, namely:—

• (a) two or more newspaper establishments under common control;
• (b) two or more newspaper establishments owned by an individual and his or her spouse unless it is shown that such spouse is a sole proprietor or partner or a shareholder of a corporate body on the basis of his or her own individual funds;
• (c) two or more newspaper establishments publishing newspapers bearing the same or similar title and in the same language in any place in India or bearing the same or similar title but in different languages in the same State or Union territory.

Explanation 1.—For the purposes of sub-clause (a) two or more establishments shall be deemed to be under common control where—

• (A)
  • (i) the newspaper establishments are owned by a common individual or individuals;
  • (ii) the newspaper establishments are owned by firms, if such firms have a substantial number of common partners;
  • (iii) the newspaper establishments are owned by bodies corporate, if one body corporate is a subsidiary of the other body corporate, or both are subsidiaries of a common holding company or a substantial number of their equity shares are owned by the same person or group of persons, whether incorporated or not;
  • (iv) one establishment is owned by a body corporate and the other is owned by a firm, if a substantial number of partners of the firm together hold a substantial number of equity shares of the body corporate;
  • (v) one is owned by a body corporate and the other is owned by a firm having bodies corporate as its partners if a substantial number of equity shares of such bodies corporate are owned, directly or indirectly, by the same person or group of persons, whether incorporated or not; or
• (B) where there is functional integrality between concerned newspaper establishments.

Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this clause,—

• (i) different departments, branches and centres of newspaper establishments shall be treated as parts thereof;
• (ii) a printing press shall be deemed to be a newspaper establishment if the principal business thereof is to print newspaper.

means a notification published in the Gazette of India or the Official Gazette of a State, as the case may be, and the expression "notify" with its grammatical variation and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly;

of a factory means the person who has ultimate control over the affairs of the factory:

Provided that—

• (i) in the case of a firm or other association of individuals, any one of the individual partners or members thereof;
• (ii) in the case of a company, any one of the directors, except any independent director within the meaning of sub-section (6) of section 149 of the Companies Act, 2013;
• (iii) in the case of a factory owned or controlled by the Central Government or any State Government, or any local authority, the person or persons appointed to manage the affairs of the factory by the Central Government, the State Government or the local authority or such other authority as may be prescribed by the Central Government,

shall be deemed to be the occupier:

Provided further that in the case of a ship which is being repaired, or on which maintenance work is being carried out, in a dry dock which is available for hire, the owner of the dock shall be deemed to be the occupier for all purposes except the matters as may be prescribed by the Central Government which are directly related to the condition of ship for which the owner of ship shall be deemed to be the occupier;

means an office at the surface of the mine concerned;

means a quarry, that is to say, an excavation where any operation for the purpose of searching for or obtaining minerals has been or is being carried on, not being a shaft or an excavation which extends below superjacent ground;

with reference to any establishment or part thereof, means the average number of persons employed per day in the establishment or part thereof during the preceding calendar year obtained by dividing the number of man days worked by the number of working days excluding rest days and other non-working days;

in relation to a mine, means any person who is the immediate proprietor or lessee or occupier of the mine or of any part thereof and in case of a mine the business whereof is being carried on by a liquidator or receiver, such liquidator or receiver; but does not include a person who merely receives a royalty, rent or fine from the mine, or is merely the proprietor of the mine, subject to any lease grant or licence for the working thereof, or is merely the owner of the soil and not interested in the minerals of the mine; but any contractor or sub-lessee for the working of a mine or any part thereof shall be subject to this Code in like manner as if he were an owner but not so as to exempt the former from any liability;

means—

• (a) any land used or intended to be used for—
  • (i) growing tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona or cardamom which admeasures five hectares or more;
  • (ii) growing any other plant, which admeasures five hectares or more and in which persons are employed or were employed on any day of the preceding twelve months, if, after obtaining the approval of the Central Government, the State Government, by notification, so directs.

  Explanation.—Where any piece of land used for growing any plant referred to in this sub-clause admeasures less than five hectares and is contiguous to any other piece of land not being so used, but capable of being so used, and both such pieces of land are under the management of the same employer, then, for the purposes of this sub-clause, the piece of land first mentioned shall be deemed to be a plantation, if the total area of both such pieces of land admeasures five hectares or more;

• (b) any land which the State Government may, by notification, declares and which is used or intended to be used for growing any plant referred to in sub-clause (a), notwithstanding that it admeasures less than five hectares:

  Provided that no such declaration shall be made in respect of such land which admeasures less than five hectares immediately before the commencement of this Code; and

• (c) offices, hospitals, dispensaries, schools and any other premises used for any purpose connected with any plantation within the meaning of sub-clause (a) and sub-clause (b); but does not include factory on the premises;

means prescribed by rules made by the appropriate Government, the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, under this Code;

where the contract labour is employed or engaged, means—

• (i) in relation to any office or department of the Government or a local authority, the head of that office or department or such other officer as the Government or the local authority, may specify in this behalf;
• (ii) in a factory, the owner or occupier of the factory and where a person has been named as the manager of the factory, the person so named;
• (iii) in a mine, the owner or agent of the mine;
• (iv) in relation to any other establishment, any person responsible for the supervision and control of the establishment;

in relation to audio-visual production means the person by whom the arrangements necessary for producing such audio-visual (including the raising of finances and engaging audio-visual workers for producing audio-visual) are undertaken;

means a medical practitioner who possesses any recognised medical qualification as defined in clause (i) of section 2 of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 and who is enrolled on a Indian Medical register as defined in clause (e) and on a State Medical register as defined in clause (k) of the said section;

means a set of two or more persons carrying out the same kind of work during different periods of the day and each such period is called a "shift";

means any person by whatever name called employed or engaged in any establishment for hire or reward to do any work relating to promotion of sales or business, or both, but does not include any such person who,—

• (i) being employed or engaged in a supervisory capacity, draws wages exceeding fifteen thousand rupees per mensem or an amount as may be notified by the Central Government from time to time; or
• (ii) is employed or engaged mainly in a managerial or administrative capacity;

means the Schedule appended to this Code;

means any injury which involves, or in all probability will involve, the permanent loss of any part or section of a body or the use of any part or section of a body, or the permanent loss of or injury to the sight or hearing or any permanent physical incapacity or the fracture of any bone or one or more joints or bones of any phalanges of hand or foot;

respectively means standards, regulations, rules, bye-laws and orders made under this Code;

means a period of seven days beginning at midnight on Saturday night or such other night as may be approved in writing for a particular area by the Chief Inspector-cum-Facilitator;

means any person employed in any industry to do any manual, unskilled, skilled, technical, operational, clerical or supervisory work for hire or reward, whether the terms of employment be express or implied, and includes working journalists and sales promotion employees, but does not include any such person—

• (i) who is subject to the Air Force Act, 1950, or the Army Act, 1950, or the Navy Act, 1957; or
• (ii) who is employed in the police service or as an officer or other employee of a prison; or
• (iii) who is employed mainly in a managerial or administrative capacity; or
• (iv) who is employed in a supervisory capacity drawing wage of exceeding fifteen thousand rupees per month or an amount as may be notified by the Central Government from time to time;

means a person whose principal avocation is that of a journalist and who is employed as such, either whole-time or part-time, in, or in relation to, one or more newspaper establishment, or other establishment relating to any electronic media such as newspaper or radio or like other media and includes an editor, a leader-writer, news editor, sub-editor, feature-writer, copy-tester, reporter, correspondent, cartoonist, news-photographer and proofreader, but does not include any such person who is employed mainly in a managerial, supervisory or administrative capacity;

For the purposes of this Code, a person working or employed in or in connection with mine is said to be working or employed—

• (a) "above ground" if he is working in an open cast working or in any other manner not specified in clause (a); and
• (b) "below ground" if he is working or employed—
  • (i) in a shaft which has been or is in the course being sunk; or
  • (ii) in any excavation which extends below superjacent ground.